They represent money and are fabricated with complicated graphics and edge spot patterns intending to make them difficult to counterfeit. The process used to make these chips is well guarded and expensive - typically done on high pressure compression molding machines. Poker chips are quite diverse in terms of their weight and the materials from which they're made. Most casinos, however, use clay chips weighing 11.5 grams. Other, less expensive poker chips are available, made from clay composite, or non-clay materials.
The chips used in casinos, are the number 1 reason why most people have the mistaken notion that all poker chips are made of clay, and, that clay poker chips are the only good poker chips. They could not be more wrong. The truth is that there are no real clay poker chips today. All chips, even those used in casinos, are made of composite materials. While it's true that the professional chips used in casinos have much more clay, than for example, those advertised as "clay" on many websites and offline brick & mortar stores, the fact is, the pro casino chips have other materials mixed in AND not all casinos use clay poker chips anymore.
If you're the poker host, you want to ensure that not a single player will be left chip-less. It would probably suffice to stock 50 chips per person, but it's best to be on the safe side and stock twice as much. Running a well-stocked poker game could help spread the rumor that you're serious about you poker gaming, and help bring in more players.
Also make sure your poker chips are varied in color to help poker players discern between different denominations.
The most common colors used at casinos to differentiate between chip denominations are:
Custom chips need not be anything more than a hot stamped or pad printed graphic on a common chip. An even less costly alternative is to add a sticker or a mark to the chips with a permanent marker.
There are three types of materials most chips you can buy are made of. The fanciest kind are known as clay chips, though truly they're made of a combo of clay and other materials, and are the standard casino diameter of 39 mm. They have a nice heft, and weigh from 8 to 11.5 grams a piece.
The second kind of chips are made of a metal core surrounded by plastic and weigh either 8 or 11.5 grams. These metal-core composite chips are the closest match to what you'll find in most casinos these days, and are a good, durable choice.
While they aren't as substantial as the other two kinds of chips, they are a lot cheaper and in the end, do the job just as well. You can find a kind of plastic chip that's better than the kind you can pick up at toy stores and Kmart’s, but I'd recommend starting out with the cheapest ones and saving your money for when you can buy metal-core or clay chips.
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